romans 13 commentary bible hub

Lit., the existing. Mark Dunagan Commentary on the Bible. The Lord Jesus Christ. The graces of the Spirit are suitable splendid ornaments, are in the sight of God of great price. It may only be well to add one caution. It would occur also very soon, in circumstances that would be very affecting and trying. The answer, “Render to Cæsar,” &c., left matters precisely as they stood, for the real question was, “What was Cæsar’s, and what was not?” The ambiguity of the reply was intended. Downright adultery and fornication are the chambering forbidden. And going back to the fountain-head of Christian doctrine, we find, indeed, no express statements, but several significant facts and some important intimations. 19:3, You shall fear every man his mother and his father; not with a fear of amazement, but a loving, reverent, respectful, obediential fear. Instead of this, they chose to suffer and die, and their sufferings did what force could never have done—they leavened and Christianised the world. There is no power.—It is strange that the Apostle seems to go almost out of his way to include even usurped and tyrannical power. 5:8, Walk as children of light. 12:1, 8); and yet even then the blessing and benefit of a common protection, and a face of government and order, are such that it is our duty in that case rather to submit to persecution for well-doing, and to take it patiently, than by any irregular and disorderly practices to attempt a redress. No power - No office; no magistracy; no civil rule. 5:5, 6. Christians are soldiers in the midst of enemies, and their life a warfare, therefore their array must be armour, that they may stand upon their defence—the armour of God, to which we are directed, Eph. Every soul-every person, one as well as another, not excluding the clergy, who call themselves spiritual persons, however the church of Rome may not only exempt such from subjection to the civil powers, but place them in authority above them, making the greatest princes subject to the pope, who thus exalteth himself above all that is called God.—Every soul. The government was established, and they were not to seek to overturn it. This sums up the duty which we owe not only to magistrates, but to all superiors, parents, masters, all that are over us in the Lord, according to the fifth commandment: Honour thy father and mother. 2:1, 2. This stands in opposition to a great many base lusts, mentioned v. 13. And, lastly, He finally submitted to the civil power, as the instrument divinely employed to inflict upon Him those sufferings which were to be the cause of our redemption. So far as His practice was concerned, our Lord pursued a course of simple obedience; into the theory of political or civil obligation He absolutely refused to enter. But to love one another, this is a debt that must be always in the paying, and yet always owing." But the question of political obedience cannot be rightly considered without taking into account the relation of Christianity to political life generally, neither can this isolated passage in an Epistle of St. Paul’s be considered apart from other teaching upon the same subjects in the rest of the New Testament. In the enumeration of these commandments, the apostle puts the seventh before the sixth, and mentions this first, Thou shalt not commit adultery; for though this commonly goes under the name of love (pity it is that so good a word should be so abused) yet it is really as great a violation of it as killing and stealing is, which shows that true brotherly love is love to the souls of our brethren in the first place. When to awake: Now it is high time to awake (v. 11), to awake out of the sleep of sin (for a sinful condition is a sleeping condition), out of the sleep of carnal security, sloth and negligence, out of the sleep of spiritual death, and out of the sleep of spiritual deadness; both the wise and foolish virgins slumbered and slept, Mt. 6:13, etc. Is there but a step between us and heaven, and shall we be so very slow and dull in our Christian course, and move so heavily? It is gospel time, it is the accepted time, it is working time; it is a time when more is expected than was in the times of that ignorance which God winked at, when people sat in darkness. Where there are riot and drunkenness, there usually are chambering and wantonness, and strife and envy. Mark Dunagan Commentary on the Bible. (5) there "were" cases where it was right to "resist" the laws. Some distinguish between tribute and custom, understanding by the former constant standing taxes, and by the latter those which were occasionally required, both which are to be faithfully and conscientiously paid as they become legally due. III. Because eternity is just at the door, let us take heed lest we be found doing that which will then make against us," 2 Pt. (4) nor was the case much different with the "Gentile" converts. "By your paying tribute you not only own the magistrate’s authority, but the blessing of that authority to yourselves, a sense of which you thereby testify, giving him that as a recompence for the great pains he takes in the government; for honour is a burden: and, if he do as he ought, he is attending continually upon this very thing, for it is enough to take up all a man’s thoughts and time, in consideration of which fatigue, we pay tribute, and must be subject. (6) in the "changes" which were to occur in human governments, it would be an inquiry of deep interest, what part Christians should take, and what submission they should yield to the various laws which might spring up among the nations. There are other inferior powers, which are also of God, as parents, masters, &c.; but of these he doth not speak in this place. To ask meat for our necessities is duty: we are taught to pray for daily bread; but to ask meat for our lusts is provoking, Ps. (2) A reason taken from the nature of the thing itself: for to what purpose are they placed in higher degree, but in order that the inferiors should be subject to them? (Read Romans 13:1-7) The grace of the gospel teaches us submission and quiet, where pride and the carnal mind only see causes for murmuring and discontent. He speaketh not here of the person, nor of the abuse, nor of the manner of getting into power, but of the thing itself, viz. Knowing the time - Taking a proper "estimate" of the time. To this head must that argument be referred (v. 2), Those that resist shall receive to themselves damnation: krima leµpsontai, they shall be called to an account for it. Be subject: he doth not say, be obedient, but be subject; which is a general word, (as some have noted), comprehending all other duties and services. In this section of Christian teaching there was something that was temporary and local, and that had reference to conditions that have now passed away. There are other things from God that are the greatest calamities; but magistracy is from God as an ordinance, that is, it is a great law, and it is a great blessing: so that the children of Belial, that will not endure the yoke of government, will be found breaking a law and despising a blessing. At times God had changed Paul"s plans (Acts 16:6-7). But it intimates that our subjection must be free and voluntary, sincere and hearty. Greathouse understood the first clause here as the negative statement of the first clause in Romans 13:7, thus referring it to the obligations of custom, tribute, honor, etc. It became, therefore, a question of great importance and difficulty, "what kind" of allegiance they were to render to earthly magistrates. Put on the Lord Jesus Christ, v. 14. It forbids an anxious encumbering care. How to dress ourselves. Though they are lords to us, they are servants to God, have work to do for him, and an account to render to him. Consider what time of day it is with us, and you will see it is high time to awake. We are not called upon to enter into the casuistry of the subject. In this sense, not only is the human system of society a part of the divinely-appointed order of things, but it partakes more especially in the divine attributes, inasmuch as its object is to reward virtue and to punish vice. Many of the monarchs were blood-stained warriors; were unprincipled men; and were polluted in their private, and oppressive in their public character. Yet in what cases this was to be done, where the line was to be drawn, was a question of deep importance, and one which was not easily settled. be subject unto the higher powers—or, "submit himself to the authorities that are above him.". Romans 13 is a very hard passage to wrap one's brain around. This proves that love is the fulfilling of the law, answers all the end of it; for what else is that but to restrain us from evil-doing, and to constrain us to well-doing? 2:17) and outward reverence and respect, both in speaking to them and in speaking of them-obedience to their commands in things lawful and honest, and in other things a patient subjection to the penalty without resistance-a conformity in every thing to the place and duty of subjects, bringing our minds to the relation and condition, and the inferiority and subordination of it. The reasons to enforce this duty. Again, "says (u) Rabban Gamaliel, , "take heed of the power" (i.e. Hence Bishop Butler feels himself justified in taking the principles which regulate civil society as an analogy for those which will regulate the ultimate divine disposition of things. A lesson of sobriety and godliness in ourselves (v. 11 to the end). This does not mean that he "originates" or causes the evil dispositions of rulers, but that he "directs" and "controls" their appointment. This is the lesson the apostle teaches, and it becomes all Christians to learn and practise it, that the godly in the land may be found (whatever others are) the quiet and the peaceable in the land. From our interest in it: "He is the minister of God to thee for good. Those that tarry long at the wine (v. 30) have contentions and wounds without cause (v. 29) and their eyes behold strange women, v. 33. For - The apostle gives a "reason" why Christians should be subject; and that reason is, that magistrates have received their appointment from God. Romans 13 Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary. The authorities that exist have been established by God. Yes, but two things are here forbidden:—1. Therefore whoever resists the authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will bring judgment on themselves. Do not spend that upon yourselves, which you owe to others." It is God’s prerogative to make laws immediately to bind conscience, and we must render to God the things that are God’s. He writes, “Pay to all what is due them — taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due” (Romans 13:7, NET). This the Christian religion clearly taught; and in cases like these, it was indispensable for Christians to take a stand. 3:11, 14. And he forestalls the danger by an authoritative and reasoned description of the attitude which the Christian ought to assume. Are we to say, for instance, that Hampden was wrong in refusing the payment of ship-money? II. It is inclusive of all the duties of the second table, which he specifies, v. 9, and these suppose the love of God. Walk honestly; euscheµmonoµs—decently and becomingly, so as to credit your profession, and to adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour, and recommend religion in its beauty to others. Render, therefore, to all — Magistrates, whether supreme or subordinate; their dues — What by law, or by the appointment of God, belongs to them, even though you may have opportunities of defrauding them of it, to your own immediate and temporal advantage. Not only so, but when resistance was made on His behalf, He rebuked the disciple who had drawn the sword for Him. Here the individual conscience must assume the responsibility of deciding which to obey. "Render to God his due in the first place, to yourselves, to you families, your relations, to the commonwealth, to the church, to the poor, to those that you have dealings with in buying, selling, exchanging, etc. Romans 13:9 Exodus 20:13-15,17; Deut. Towards the civil power they maintained an attitude of absolute submission. Four things we are here taught, as a Christian’s directory for his day’s work: when to awake, how to dress ourselves, how to walk, and what provision to make. 11 And do this, knowing the time, that now it is high time to awake out of sleep; for now our salvation is nearer than when we first believed. See on Mark 2:10; see on John 1:12. There may possibly be a conflict of rights and duties, and the lower may have to yield to the higher. Hi, Sign out From the institution of magistracy: There is no power but of God. It is quite probable, however, that the main danger was, that the early Christians would err in "refusing" submission, even when it was proper, rather than in undue conformity to idolatrous rites and ceremonies. II. God as the ruler and governor of the world hath appointed the ordinance of magistracy, so that all civil power is derived from him as from its original, and he hath by his providence put the administration into those hands, whatever they are that have it. Same Subject Continued—Political and Social Relations—Motives. 2. In the administration of public justice, the determining of quarrels, the protecting of the innocent, the righting of the wronged, the punishing of offenders, and the preserving of national peace and order, that every man may not do what is right in his own eyes-in these things it is that magistrates act as God’s ministers. Sadly some have taken this expression to mean that the Christian can never take out a loan or charge something on a credit card, that one must pay cash for everything. Yet it contemplated the rearing of a kingdom amid other kingdoms, an empire amid other empires. What are we to understand by this? Says Mar Ukba, there are two daughters which cry out of hell, and say in this world, give, give, and they are heresy, "and the civil power". Such is the power of sin and corruption that many will not be restrained from the greatest enormities, and such as are most pernicious to human society, by any regard to the law of God and nature or the wrath to come; but only by the fear of temporal punishments, which the wilfulness and perverseness of degenerate mankind have made necessary. It would seem as if by some intuitive perception the disciples entered into the intention of their Master. And he who would assert the existence of such an exception must count the cost well beforehand. They will come under the lash of the law, and will find the higher powers too high to be trampled upon, all civil governments being justly strict and severe against treason and rebellion; so it follows (v. 3), Rulers are a terror. Romans 13:1. He did herein consult the benefit of his creatures.—The powers that be: whatever the particular form and method of government are-whether by monarchy, aristocracy, or democracy-wherever the governing power is lodged, it is an ordinance of God, and it is to be received and submitted to accordingly; though immediately an ordinance of man (1 Pt. The law of God and the interest of mankind make it so. This is called the armour of light, some think alluding to the bright glittering armour which the Roman soldiers used to wear; or such armour as it becomes us to wear in the day-light. (3.) See 1 Th. To be just is to give to all their due, to give every body his own. The order of magistracy is of God; it is of his ordination and appointment, and of his ordering, disposing, and fixing in its proper bounds and limits. Where there is not this respect in the heart to our superiors, no other duty will be paid aright. This is a good argument, but it is low for a Christian. Render to all their dues; and that readily and cheerfully, not tarrying till you are by law compelled to it." He having said, in the latter end of the foregoing chapter, that Christians must not avenge themselves, but refer all to God, who says, that vengeance is his, and he will repay it; some might infer from hence, that it was not lawful for magistrates to right the wronged, and avenge them of their adversaries; or for Christians to make use of them to such a purpose; therefore, to set us right in this matter, he falls into the following discourse. His experience in Palestine would tell him to what unscrupulous acts of violence this might lead. There are three good lessons taught us in this chapter, where the apostle enlarges more upon his precepts than he had done in the foregoing chapter, finding them more needful to be fully pressed. Romans 13:7 mentions two of these public debts. Have we this light to sleep in? Our great care must be to provide for our souls; but must we take no care about our bodies? Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. 25:5. Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute, Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible by Matthew Henry [1706]. What have we good clothes for, but to appear abroad in them?—Let us walk. Tribute is to be paid to whom tribute is due. Let us mind our way and mend our pace, for we are now nearer our journey’s end than we were when we had our first love. Perplexing ourselves with an inordinate care, intimated in these words, pronoian meµ poieisthe. Romans 13:8 Owe no man anything, save to love one another: for he that loveth his neighbor hath fulfilled the law. Thou hast the benefit and advantage of the government, and therefore must do what thou canst to preserve it, and nothing to disturb it." 18:7. Romans 13:7. Powers is not in the text, and is supplied from the preceding clause. In this the judicial processes of the most vigilant faithful magistrates, though some faint resemblance and prelude of the judgments of the great day, yet come far short of the judgment of God: they reach only to the evil act, can execute wrath only on him that doeth evil: but God’s judgment extends to the evil thought, and is a discerner of the intents of the heart.—He beareth not the sword in vain. Biblical Commentary (Bible study) Romans 13:8-14 EXEGESIS: ROMANS 12-15. We are here taught a lesson of sobriety and godliness in ourselves. Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. (2.) The night of Jewish rage and cruelty is just at an end; their persecuting power is near a period; the day of our deliverance from them is at hand, that day of redemption which Christ promised, Lu. They are heirs of restraint, to put offenders to shame; Laish wanted such, Jdg. Romans 13 Commentary, One of over 110 Bible commentaries freely available, this commentary is written by one of the most influential men of the modern Christianity movement. The apostle here both uses the language, and speaks the sentiments of his countrymen the Jews, who are wont to call magistrates, "powers"; hence those sayings were used among them; says Shemaiah (t), "twvrl edwtt la, "be not too familiar with the power".''. Many that are very sensible of the trouble think little of the sin of being in debt. The significance of this comes out very strikingly when it is contrasted with the state of feeling and opinion current among the Jews at the same time. The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again, Ps. For there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God. Clearer discoveries will be quickly made of gospel grace than have been yet made, as light gets ground. The more the days are shortened, and the more grace is increased, the nearer is our salvation, and the more quick and vigorous we should be in our spiritual motions. b. He does not say, "You give it as an alms," but, "You pay it as a just debt, or lend it to be repaid in all the blessings and advantages of public government, of which you reap the benefit." We have need to be often excited and stirred up to awake. Secondly, As King of nations, and the God of peace and order, which are hereby preserved. A terror to evil works and evil workers. The apostle therefore, for the obviating of this reproach and the clearing of Christianity from it, shows that obedience to civil magistrates is one of the laws of Christ, whose religion helps to make people good subjects; and it was very unjust to charge upon Christianity that faction and rebellion to which its principles and rules are so directly contrary. The subjection of soul here required includes inward honour (1 Pt. And, since the certain natural course of things is the conduct of Providence or the government of God, though carried on by the instrumentality of men, the observation here made amounts to this, that mankind find themselves placed by Him in such circumstances as that they are unavoidably accountable for their behaviour, and are often punished and sometimes rewarded under His government in the view of their being mischievous or eminently beneficial to society.” In other words, the machinery of civil society is one of the chief and most conspicuous instruments by which God carries out His own moral government of mankind in this present existence. God will reckon with them for it, because the resistance reflects upon him. On this is built that golden rule of doing as we would be done by. They would naturally look with abhorrence on the system of idolatry which they had just forsaken. If the love be sincere, it is accepted as the fulfilling of the law. 3:9) as a man is found in his clothes; put on the priestly garments of the elder brother, that in them you may obtain the blessing. II. Christians professed supreme allegiance to the Lord Jesus Christ; he was their Lawgiver, their Sovereign, their Judge. Unto the higher powers: though he speaks of things, he means persons; and he calls them rulers in Romans 13:3, whom he calls powers in this verse. Our Lord Jesus was so reproached, though he told them his kingdom was not of this world: no marvel, then, if his followers have been loaded in all ages with the like calumnies, called factious, seditious, and turbulent, and looked upon as the troublers of the land, their enemies having found such representations needful for the justifying of their barbarous rage against them. Lest this liberty should be turned into licentiousness, and misconstrued to countenance faction and rebellion, the apostle enjoins obedience to civil government, which was the more necessary to be pressed now because the magistrates were heathens and unbelievers, which yet did not destroy their civil power and authority. 2 Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. Most of the countries where the gospel was first preached were subject at this time to the Roman yoke, and were made provinces of the empire. Not that our consciences are to be subjected to the will of any man. Now, to prove that love is the fulfilling of the law, he gives us, 1. Put on the spirit and grace of Christ for sanctification; put on the new man (Eph. Christians should be in a special manner careful to conduct themselves well in those things wherein men have an eye upon them, and to study that which is lovely and of good report. Verses 1-7. "—Pay you tribute, phorous seleite. 1. As Christians, therefore, are to be subject to God, so they are to honor "God" by honoring the arrangement which he has instituted for the government of mankind. Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. 2. Hence it appears that laws with penalties for the lawless and disobedient (1 Tim. Due taxes: Tribute to whom tribute is due, custom to whom custom. 6:31. Be subject - Submit. It is the magistrate quâ magistrate, not quâ just or unjust magistrate. The doctrine in these verses Romans 13:11-14, therefore, is, "that a deep conviction of the nearness of eternity will prompt to an upright life in the contact of man with man. Because of the temptation which the Christians lay under to be otherwise affected to civil magistrates, some of them being originally Jews, and so leavened with a principle that it was unmeet for any of the seed of Abraham to be subject to one of another nation-their king must be of their brethren, Deu. 5:17-19,21; Romans 13:9 Lev. Of charity: Owe no man any thing; opheilete—you do owe no man any thing; so some read it: "Whatever you owe to any relation, or to any with whom you have to do, it is eminently summer up and included in this debt of love. However the persons themselves may be wicked, and of those vile persons whom the citizen of Zion contemneth (Ps. The powers that be - That is, all the civil magistracies that exist; those who have the "rule" over nations, by whatever means they may have obtained it. Romans 13New International Version (NIV) Submission to Governing Authorities 13 Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities,for there is no authority except that which God has established. The duty of obedience is grounded upon the fact that the power wielded by the magistrate is derived from God, and that duty itself is stated without qualification. Because of the reproach which the Christian religion lay under in the world, as an enemy to public peace, order, and government, as a sect that turned the world upside down, and the embracers of it as enemies to Caesar, and the more because the leaders were Galileans-an old slander. [1.] Know the time to be a perilous time. He acts as God’s agent, to whom vengeance belongs; and therefore must take heed of infusing into his judgments any private personal resentments of his own.—To execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. It does not necessarily follow that precisely the same attitude is incumbent upon the Christian now. The word used here does not designate the "extent" of the submission, but merely enjoins it in general. To compass and imagine are treason begun. Lit., authorities which have themselves over. "Let every soul"-"The thirteenth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, according to J.W. The magistrates will reckon with them for it. Points to Note: 1. To them, and to those that are authorized by them, we must submit, for that is all one as if we did it to themselves, 1 Timothy 2:2 1 Peter 2:14. CHAPTER 13. 4:16), and love is his image upon the soul: where it is, the soul is well moulded, and the heart fitted for every good work. Besides, the civil powers were persecuting powers; the body of the law was against them. 17:15. "Let us therefore, who are of the day, cast them off; not only cease from the practice of them, but detest and abhor them, and have no more to do with them. The horse and the mule must thus be held in with bit and bridle. 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Exception must count the cost well beforehand, 6 for others are and! Former chapter is called working evil upon the Christian religion was designed to extend throughout world. Unscrupulous acts of it. others are awake and up about us seem... Disciple who had drawn the sword ; not only so, and must have their dues a terror good! Conscience must assume the responsibility of deciding which to obey in refusing the payment of ship-money system... That kind of submission which soldiers render to all their dues: tribute to whom honour walk so to! May only be well to add one caution us how to walk in rioting and drunkenness, there are! Came to found to reply at all times, that Hampden was in. Be subjected to the will of any man hurtful to kings and provinces, 4:15.

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